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Nahum Goldmann ((ヘブライ語:נחום גולדמן)) (July 10, 1895 – August 29, 1982) was a leading Zionist and the founder and longtime president of the World Jewish Congress from 1948 to 1977. ==Biography== Nahum Goldmann was born in Vishnevo, Russian Empire, a shtetl in the Pale of Settlement (now Vishnyeva, Belarus), the son of a teaching and writing Litvak family, whose father was an ardent Zionist. At the age of six, he moved with his parents to Frankfurt, Germany, where his father entertained leading Zionists and intellectuals, and where he attended the Musterschule. In 1911, while still in high school, he and his father attended the Tenth Zionist Congress. Goldmann went on to study law, history, and philosophy in Marburg, Heidelberg, and Berlin. He graduated in law and philosophy.〔(Jewish Heritage online Magazine ) Nahum Goldmann Biography index〕 In 1913, he visited Palestine for four months, publishing his impressions the following year in his book, ''Eretz Israel, Reisebriefe aus Palästina'' (Eretz Israel, Travel letters from Palestine), which was published in two editions. In the period 1916-18, Goldmann worked for the German "Nachrichtenstelle für den Orient", an intelligence and propaganda bureau related to the German Foreign Office, which tried to instrumentalize ethnic and religious nationalist currents within the Ottoman Empire such as Panturkism, Islamism and Zionism for German interests, to fight back increasing British and French influence in the region. In that period, the head of "Nachrichtenstelle" was Prof. Dr. Eugen Mittwoch, a leading German Arabist and Orientalist and at the same time a leading personality in Germany's Jewish community. During this period,〔Hans-Peter Schwarz (1995) ''Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in a Period of War, Revolution and Reconstruction'' Berghahn Books, ISBN 1-57181-870-7 p. 645〕 he attempted to enlist Kaiser Wilhelm's support for the Zionist ideal. In 1922 he founded the ''Eschkol-Publikations-Gesellschaft'' (Eschkol Publication Society), and was involved in publishing a Zionist periodical. In 1929 he and Jakob Klatzkin started the project ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'', which reflected the work of the leading Jewish scholars of the day. ''Eschkol'' published ten volumes of the Encyclopaedia Judaica in German and two volumes in Hebrew.〔Selwyn Ilan Troen (1992) ''Organizing Rescue: National Jewish Solidarity in the Modern Period'' Routledge, ISBN 0-7146-3413-1 p. 144〕〔(Commentary Magazine ) December 1972〕〔Ludwig Lewisohn (2007) ''Rebirth—A Book of Modern Jewish Thought''. Read Books, ISBN 1-4067-4857-9 p. 166〕 Goldmann was falsely denounced by the Nazis as a secret communist agent shortly after the Beer Hall Putsch.〔Herbert A. Strauss (1993) ''Hostages of Modernization: Studies on Modern Antisemitism 1870-1933-39 Germany - Great Britain - France'', Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-010776-7 p. 223〕 In 1934 he married Alice Gottschalk and they had two sons, Michael and Guido.〔http://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/31/obituaries/nahum-goldmann-a-leader-zionist-dies-at-87.html?pagewanted=2〕 In November 1934, Goldmann petitioned Mussolini's support in relation to the Jews of the Saar, a region about to reunite with what was then Nazi Germany.〔David Vital (1999) ''A People Apart: The Jews in Europe, 1789–1939''. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-820805-7 p. 893〕〔Michele Sarfatti (2006) ''The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From Equality to Persecution'' translated by John Tedeschi, Anne C. Tedeschi University of Wisconsin Press, ISBN 0-299-21734-5 p. 77〕 In 1933, by a twist of fate, he managed to escape arrest by the Gestapo, because he was in Palestine for his father's funeral. In 1935 he was stripped of his German citizenship,〔Itamar Rabinovich, Jehuda Reinharz,''Israel in the Middle East: Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, Pre-1948 to the Present'', UPNE, 2008, ISBN 0-87451-962-4 p. 591〕 became a citizen of Honduras thanks to the intervention of the French Minister Louis Barthou.〔 Later he moved to the United States, settling in New York City, where he represented the Jewish Agency for several years. In 1936, Goldmann and Reform Rabbi Stephen S. Wise established the World Jewish Congress (WJC).〔(World Jewish Congress Collection, Agency History )〕 He is credited with the early prediction of the threat posed by Hitler and Nazi Party. In the spring of 1942, he said, "Who can foretell what the Nazi regime, once brought into the position of the surrounded killer, will do in the last moment before it goes down to shame?"〔Aaron Berman (1990) ''Nazism, the Jews, and American Zionism, 1933–1948'' Wayne State University Press, 1990 ISBN 0-8143-2232-8 pg. 96〕 Addressing the Zionist Organization of America in October 1942, having heard the reports of genocide, he lamented, "Our generation is in the tragic position that one-half of the generation is being slaughtered before our eyes, and the other half has to sit down and cannot prevent this catastrophe."〔Aaron Berman (1990) ''Nazism, the Jews, and American Zionism, 1933–1948'' Wayne State University Press, 1990 ISBN 0-8143-2232-8 pg. 99〕 Goldmann took up residence in the United States in June 1940, eventually took out citizenship, and remained there until 1964. Goldmann died in Bad Reichenhall, Germany due to pulmonary collapse. He was buried in Jerusalem's Mount Herzl National Cemetery in the section reserved for leaders of the World Zionist Organization. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nahum Goldmann」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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